Lung Cancer -National Screening Program in United Kingdom: An Evaluation

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the second most prominent type of cancer worldwide. In 2012, around 45,000 cases of lung cancers were reported in health facilities nationally. The similar source also highlighted that cancer is found in 46% males and 54% females. However, before proceeding towards an evaluation of screening programs in the UK related to lung cancer, it is important to understand the brief background of disease and screening. Cancer occurs in the human body when cells become to appear abnormal and cultivate beyond control. After a passage of time, these cells they frame a clump, which is even referred as a tumor. Lung cancer expands in the tubes that are responsible of transmitting flow of air inside and outside of the lung. Cancer tends to spread outside the lung thereon. Lung cancer initiates from the trachea, which also called windpipe, the bronchus or lung tissue.

Various Studies

Various studies in past were proposed, arguing on the causes of lung cancer. Diseases such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, and tuberculosis play a strong role in lung cancer development.   Carcinogens substances are a core cause of the diseases and people are exposed to them at high tendency in workplaces. Carcinogens substances are tobacco, radionuclide, or radiation that causes cancer. Exposure to diesel is responsible for causing lung cancer and other adverse outcomes of mortality. Smoke from tobacco contains a mixture of lethal carcinogens, which is a strong source of causing lung cancer. Nicotine reliance increases the risk of lung diseases in people.  Lung cancer is one of the leading sources of global death. Lung cancer is a crippling illness results in a high weight of symptoms and poor quality of life. Furthermore, the anticipated lifespan is estimated to be less than a year.

Lung Cancer Screening

Lung cancer screening comprises of an advance x-ray system, called computed tomography (CT) examination, which is purposed to discover lung cancer before symptoms grow. CT or cancer screening is conducted in order to initiate early treatment and eliminate the tumor and life expiry and prevent cancers such as lung cancer in future. Detecting this disease from a process of screening rather waiting for symptoms to grow indicates that cure is more valuable. Lung cancer screening aims to discover transformation in the lung at the scanning session. However, the medical procedure cannot prevent a patient from receiving the disease in future. After the screening is conducted, if the results appear to be negative, this suggests that a patient is having minimal risk of acquiring disease condition.